Papers and Briefs
November 2021
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ILO brief
Who moves and who stays? Labour market transitions under automation and health-related restrictions
22 November 2021
The world of work is changing. New technologies, demographic shifts and climate change are reshaping workplaces, jobs, organizations and enterprises. Labour market transitions during which people change their jobs or occupations, their work content, or simply their roles in an organization are likely to become more disruptive in the future (ILO, 2019).
October 2021
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ILO Working paper 40
Financing human-centred COVID-19 recovery and decisive climate action worldwide: International cooperation’s twenty-first century moment of truth
07 October 2021
This Working Paper provides a concrete illustration of how the existing international financial architecture could be activated more fully to mobilize the large sums required to respond decisively to the “great divergence” in COVID-19 crisis recovery between advanced and developing countries as well as to the climate crisis.
August 2021
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ILO Working paper 39
Welfare Effects of Unemployment Benefits when Informality is High
05 August 2021
We analyze for the first time how the high incidence of informal employment affects the welfare effects of unemployment benefits (UBs) outside of developed economies, exploiting matched administrative and survey data from the UB scheme of Mauritius. We find positive and large welfare effects, because the consumption drop at layoff exceeds what studies find for high-income countries, while the efficiency costs are comparatively low. In addition, UB recipients appear to move into informal employment out of economic necessity, rather than as part of a strategic choice.
July 2021
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ILO Working paper 38
Freelance platform work in the Russian Federation: 2009–2019
26 July 2021
This paper traces the development of freelance platform work in the Russian Federation based on unique data from four online surveys conducted over the period 2009 and 2019 via the leading platform for creative and knowledge-based work and analyses the working conditions and well-being of the workers.
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ILO Working paper 37
Trade and Decent Work: Adequate Earnings in the Mexican Manufacturing Industries
13 July 2021
This paper analyses the impact of non-preferential trade liberalization and exposure to globalization on “adequate earnings” in Mexico between 2003 and 2020, using data from the national labour force and manufacturing industries surveys. Trade liberalization and globalization contributed to a reduction in working poverty and low-wage workers.
June 2021
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ILO Working paper 36
Trade agreements and decent work in Mexico: the case of the automotive and textile industries
29 June 2021
The study applies the framework of decent work indicators developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO), in combination with input–output analysis, to explore selected links between international trade and certain indicators of decent work in two industries of Mexico’s manufacturing sector: automotive and textile.
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ILO brief
COVID-19, vaccinations and consumer demand: How jobs are affected through global supply chains
22 June 2021
COVID-19 led to a severe decline in global consumer demand that has only recovered partially in most countries so far. This brief assesses the number of jobs in global supply chains that are experiencing a negative impact due to the decline on consumer demand for manufacturing products worldwide.
May 2021
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ILO Working paper 34
Old age work and income security in middle income countries: comparing the cases
25 May 2021
This paper considers the demographic ageing trend experienced in 35 middle-income countries. It examines employment and other related dimensions that can reflect their preparedness to secure adequate income for their ageing population. Drawing from country-specific indicators, this study applies factor analysis to approximate underlying relative differences between countries in terms of economic and social preparedness, distributional vulnerability and gender inequality.
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ILO Working paper 32
Digital Work in Eastern Europe: Overview of Trends, Outcomes, and Policy Responses
25 May 2021
This paper presents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe over the period 1999-2019. It presents the profiles of digital workers, their working conditions and discusses how these are shaped by the business models of digital labour platforms.
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ILO brief
Implications of the COVID-19 crisis for enterprises’ human resource management policies and practices
19 May 2021
The COVID-19 crisis has increased the importance of human and social capital for enterprise success. The competitiveness and viability — even survival — of an enterprise increasingly depend on its ability to make its employees motivated, skilled and committed. This can only be achieved in a workplace environment characterized by a spirit of social dialogue, mutual trust and respect, non-discrimination, and the absence of violence and harassment. This brief illustrates how enterprises have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic by adjusting their people management approaches, policies and practices.